Cups can be many different sizes, even in the same pattern (i.e . This will also help you determine the manufacturer. Glass Lovers Glass Database is a large project that is dedicated to keeping glass identification resources on the net free. Select Technicals -> 3. Write to Kovels, King Features Syndicate, 235 E. 45th St., New York, NY 10017. Gold, or gilt, edging is one of the first things you'll notice when you look at some china patterns. Bone China. Its a classic that shows no signs of slowing down, especially considering how elegant it is for the holidays! Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Antique china will have certain qualities that distinguish it from other kinds of dinnerware. If you have the cast-iron cover, the value doubles. Go to an antique shop and ask them to price it. China is shown from more than 100 manufacturers. Deal. Inspecting for Antiques. This way, when the requestor receives the asynchronous response, it knows which request that response corresponds to. Go down the list that appears and find your china pattern, also listed alphabetically. This factor tends to increase the value of the China piece. This may be the best place to start your research. From 1920 to 1940, designs often features bright colors and geometric patterns. Porcelain marks are the fingerprints of antique china. But the pattern name does not change. You'll go hog wild for these valuable banks! Often, the piece holds many clues, and understanding how to read these can help you identify the pattern. Note: To increase your odds of easily identifying your chinas pattern number or name, hire an Antique China appraiser who may have a whole database of pattern names and numbers to easily refer to. Your pieces are from the Virginia Rose field (Virginia Rose is the shape of the pieces not the pattern) but some pieces have names and some only have numbers so with this mark you will just have to search through the Homer Laughlin Patterns to find yours unless someone happens to find this pattern for you. Because soft-paste China is made with a softer clay instead of kaolin. Read on as we show you how to identify antique china patterns, so you can know its valued and price them easily. Johnson Brothers has had so many classics, and its patterns like these that never go out of style! TapTapSee is an audio interpreter. Marks4Antiques.com, ABCD-EFG-H-IJ-K-L-MN-OP-QR-ST-U-VW-Y-Z. To identify Limoges china patterns, search for marks beneath and on the glaze; the country of origin; factory marks such as AE, GDA and H & CO/L; as well as tiny prints and pictograms on the item. These details will help you figure out the name or number of the pattern. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). Simply turn the piece over and look on the bottom or back. The Japanese used "Nippon," which was the English equivalent of the Japanese word for Japan. To acquire a comprehensive knowledge of the industry requires a lifetime of study. For any piece of fine china, the porcelain mark is a symbol of pride in the manufacturer's workmanship. (Note:- I am in no way affiliated with this company) The only restriction is if you want multiple patterns identified, they reserve the right to limit this service to their customers and suppliers. Bone china sets with creamy-white colors and blue floral pattern colors were quite common in the 1800s. What Antique Noritake China Patterns Have Gold Edging? English Silver Marks. Since many manufacturers specialized in a single type of china, this can help narrow down the possibilities for your china pattern. Pattern names and numbers are clues that are intentionally left behind by manufacturers to help you identify the pattern of your China. These are important for further evaluation, once an item is established a genuine antique. Via % of people told us that this article helped them. The first company to produce true, hard-paste porcelain in Europe (1708), the Royal Saxon Porcelain Manufactory in Meissen, Germany was founded in 1710, with the alchemist, Johann Friedrich Bttger at the helm. Keep any parts, spare pieces, or broken pieces with the original piece. Prior to the 1950s, most china plates were round, with the exception of some art deco pieces in the 1920s. Because of the immense popularity of the design, many makers have put their own spin on it, including Spode and Johnson Brothers. How to identify pattern numbers you can compare pattern numbers making use of a special book known as the Schleiger pattern book. They now sell for about $35 and up. Cam Find. You can also look up patterns on manufacturer-specific sites: Dating is an important part of identification. App Center services require the ID to function properly. Round or oval, double handled, often confused with soup tureen, which is much bigger, Large round bowl with lid, usually footed, occasionally with underplate or nook for ladle. Replacements, Ltd. 56k followers More information This place will help you identify your china pattern if you don't know it! This HCIF pattern identification service is intended for individuals who want to know more about family china or a recently acquired set for personal use. We have two ways to submit your pattern materials to us along with your name, address, email address, and telephone number: Upload your image (s) using our Pattern Identification Form. Extensive lists of nearly 4,000 distinct Chinaware & Dinnerware Patterns to help you identify and date your collection. Serving as both evidence of its origin, age, and often times, quality, the makers mark on a porcelain item is the first place many collectors look before making a purchase. Generally, a written report and full appraisal of your dinnerware will take about a month. IT'S EASY TO IDENTIFY NIPPON CHINA BY THE MARKS By RALPH AND TERRY KOVEL May 12, 2001 0 SUBSCRIBE: $1 for 3 months Porcelain marks, written in alphabets other than the modern alphabet familiar. Thrive For China Pattern Identifier App - 20% OFF. The mark means your . OCR is basically an embodiment of all that Britain holds dear, with floral motifs red, pink and yellow roses in full bloom that evoke images of English country gardens and tea time. The process for identifying china and glassware is similar to identifying antique silver. Considering how long some of these patterns have been around, collecting them can be a pretty costly hobby, but well break down ten of the most popular pieces, so you can snag em if you come across them on your search! Spider cracks in glaze coats can happen during the firing process and not just come from age, which makes spidering a questionable identification technique. To this point, around mid-to-late 19thC, most china patterns were officially registered and were issued a Patent or Design Number. 28 different patterns were initially introduced, all on different pieces of the collection, with the thought that using the collection would be like growing a garden right in your dining room, bringing people together and helping everyone take a break from the hustle and bustle of the day. Or you could simply visit replacements and possibly pay a fee to identify your China dinnerwares pattern. However, pale-colored (usually creamy-white and ivory) Chinas with gold or silver ringed edges were still in demand during this Era. American Silver & Other Metals. The spelling of certain patterns has changed over the years or was deliberately varied by certain manufacturers to distinguish them from the competition. It is sorted by China Pattern Name in alphabetical order. Generally, china will either have rimmed or coupe plates. Mike Harrington: His team looks good, even without Alex Tuch. This can help significantly with your research. All rights reserved. Slavid recommends that you head to the library and look for books on the mark. $36.97 (30% off) Homer Laughlin Best China USA. To acquire a comprehensive knowledge of the industry requires a lifetime of study. For more tips, including how to get your antique dinnerware appraised, read on! Most patterns are named by the theme they represent, which, along with the manufacturer, identifies them and usually dates them. It's only produced to order so it's not some mass-produced pattern you can find in every other shop. Knowing this information is important for identifying the pattern. Wedgwood China Patterns & Collections - Wedgwood Shop by collection or pattern at Wedgwood and enjoy free ground shipping on qualifying orders British iconic tableware since 1759. Unique identifiers. Best Answer. So long as your dinnerware is well-padded and placed somewhere that it is not in danger of being tossed around or damaged, newspaper should be fine. Typically, this beautiful gilt paint is applied to the edges of plates, cups, bowls, and other pieces. Start by looking for any markings. Check the back to see if there's a manufacturers stamp, which will tell you who made your piece. A: Griswold Manufacturing Co. was founded in 1897 by Matthew Griswold and his son, Marvin. By the style of the pattern I am guessing it's about 1950-ish. The cream top was made with a bulge at the top for the cream. If a piece is an authentic Spode, it will have the name and pattern number on the bottom take a look and see whats there! It is NOT intended for online sellers seeking information to help them market their china. If the stamp on the back of your dinnerware is illegible, you can compare its markings with more visible ones on similar dinnerware in an antique catalog at your local library or an electronic directory online. Download: iOS - Android. Big or small mean different things to different people. This is the closest to bone China because its almost as lightweight as it. Try several variations of the keywords in a different order - the first one doesn't always get it. Your local library may have a specific section devoted to arts and collectibles. An avid antiques collector herself, Kate has written about antiques for many years. Most porcelain china comes in a series and some are individual patterns that are issued by a manufacturer. This is why it is so lightweight, thin, and translucent. Patterns & Designs on Chinaware, Teapots, Coffee Sets, Cups & Saucers China patterns are designs that decorate sets of Dinnerware, Tea Sets, Chocolate Sets and other Tableware or Chinaware. Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more. Designs from 1950 - 1970 rarely had gold trim, as the recent invention of the microwave made this impractical. Such a dilemma should prompt you to ask the question, how do I find out what my China is worth?. Once this pattern was made, fine porcelain became a indicator of social standing in Denmark and pieces from Royal Copenhagen were in high demand. Toys & Dolls Marks. Another feature about the bone China is that its the most lightweight piece of porcelain. WILLIAM (ALSAGER) ADDERLEY (& Usually with a lid, occasionally open, almost always with handles. You should also avoid auction houses and dealers when getting your dinnerware appraised. There additional pieces, while usually not part of the place setting, are often part of the formal table. And the best hint is the design or general pattern on the China piece. (This article focuses on china. After 1930s, industrial methods to reproduce designs in full color were vastly improved, so most such decorative plates made ca mid-20thC or later, were not necessarily painted by hand, regardless of whether there is a signature on the plate or not. It is pine, with a two-part wooden top that opens up. For example, China generally has either rimmed or coupe plates. When it comes to antique pottery and china, few names can compete with Wedgwood. CO.), R.COCHRAN & CO. - VERREVILLE It's this one in particular that we took inspiration from to create these patterns and images in general. It was not until 1921 that the United States changed the law so that pieces had to be marked "Japan," not "Nippon." Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 372,740 times. It is important to note that there is a difference between dinnerware patterns and decorative designs applied on plates that were meant for display, either in a cabinet or hung on a wall. Antique or early bone china pieces don't have markings since bone china was created in 1748 before producers introduced marks and stamps. Now that youre able to identify the material of your China and study its pattern, the next step to take is dating it. Web Design and Development www.classicreplacements.com, China & Dinnerware Pieces How to Identify What You Have, There is much uncertainty with regard to the names of different china pieces. Therefore, it is often the case that a certain number of dinnerware designs are of a particular style but depict different decorative themes. Usually with handle, occasionally with double spout. Here are various patterns with their following timeline: Maybe not all the marks would be Faded out, as there could be other clues like pattern number, recoverable coat of arms, and so on. Most famous of these are display plates made in Vienna, Austria, and Limoges, France, as well as numerous examples made for the Tourist industry depicting places, bridges, castles, harbors, rivers, mountains etc. There are over 17000 images all conveniently catalogued in categories to make your research even easier. In some cases, you may be advised by your appraiser to have the piece repaired by a professional. Entities contains an intrinsic identifier but Value Objects have no identity. There are thousands of manufacturers hundreds of thousands of patterns, and many pieces to each pattern. Identifying Antique Silverware Patterns andPopular Designs, Antique Glassware Identification Tips & What to Look For. Also note any other significant colors in the design. It is quite a common method famously used by European potteries to manufacture the Chinas. Some manufacturers, such as Noritake, are famous for pieces with this luxurious detail. If your dinnerware has a specific name stamped on it, such as Limoges or Wedgwood, you'll likely be able to find books about those particular manufacturers. Although acquired in 1896 by Thomas Clark Wild (and with many, many successful patterns made in between), it wasnt until 1962 that Royal Alberts most beloved pattern was created, Old Country Roses. Via Froda Danica is one of the most valuable china patterns. Early Noritake China: An Identification and Value Guide to Tableware Patterns . Transform vintage shutters into stunning decor for your home with these easy and creative ideas. How To Identify and Value Wedgwood China - A Handy Guide. Use these tricks to help you figure out what kind of china you have: Most fine china features an identification mark that helps to identify the manufacturer of the piece. A: A dough box like your grandmother's was used in two ways. Our coin checker is capable of identifying any coin, medal or token. Translations: OCR. Willow Blue) is one of the most popular lines of fine china out there, and has been in production since the 1700s. Rimmed plates contain a second circle indented inside the plate, while coupe plates are all one diameter. Also, consider historical trends. The quickest and easiest way to identify stock chart patterns is to scan for patterns using the FinViz Stock Screener. Pattern names on the other hand are easy to find once youre able to identify the manufacturer. MyPatterns provides a series of tools to allow users . WILLIAM ADAMS & SON(S) IPOTTERS) Pottery & Porcelain Marks. Click Charts -> 4. Skiplinks Home Link to main navigation Link to main content Link to search Main Navigation Toolbar Global gateway Login Shopping cart Your Cart: 0 items Heres How: The writing or sign underneath your piece of China isnt reliable, because its most likely going to be absent (usually due to fading). Also, observe any family names and the colors used to mark them. If my porcelain pot has an animal face on the bottom, is it valuable? As a small thank you, wed like to offer you a $30 gift card (valid at GoNift.com). However, there are actually several different kinds of china, each of which uses a specific production process. Homer Laughlin China Co. made thousands of patterns of china. When you find a match, you have a date range for your piece. Here are examples: If replacement websites dont have replacement parts for your China set but can confirm the pattern, then its most likely a rare piece. Revive Your Home with Vintage Wallpaper: Discover Where to Find Rare Patterns Online (2023 Update) For trying to match some damaged 20 year old wallpaper. Charger (often confused with the dinner or chop (12 serving) plates), Flat, usually round, ranges from 11 to 12 in diameter. Luncheon Plate (often confused with the dinner or salad plates), Flat, usually round, ranges from 9 to 9 3/4 in diameter, Comes rimmed or coupe (no rim), ranges from 7 1/4 to 9, Comes rimmed or coupe (no rim), ranges from 4 to 5 3/4, Two handled cup, usually short and wide, indented saucer (bouillon soup cups are narrow and tall, also with two handles), Comes rimmed or coupe (no rim), ranges from 5 to 7, Demitasse Cup & Saucer (aka after dinner, chocolate), Much smaller than regular tea cups, come footed or flat, saucer usually indented. Thus making it quite hard to determine its origin and value. Is it okay to wrap antique dinnerware in newspaper? Prices can vary depending on the age, color, pattern, and condition of the piece. Select Submit.There will be one match per record in the file if the configurations . ), so if you see a piece thats priced reasonably, make sure to look at the back stamp to try and see if its authentic or not. Q: My grandmother once told me that the work table she used was actually a "dough box." 1950 1970 was the end for gold trims due to the growing demand for sleeker China dinnerware. The Homer Laughlin China Collectors Association recommends two books for use in identifying china patterns: "Homer Laughlin China Guide to Shapes and Patterns" by Jo Cunningham and Darlene Nossaman and "Homer Laughlin Decades of Dinnerware" by Bob Page, Dale Frederiksen and Dean Six. Back/marker stamps can be very small, but these usually include an emblem of some sort, the name of the manufacturer, and possibly numbers indicating the class or date of the piece. Posted: Mar 1, 2023, 10:24 am. Most famous of these are of course the Blue Willow pattern and other Blue & White patterns such as Flow Blue. Founded in the late 19th century in Trenton, New Jersey, Lenox was one of the first prominent ceramic companies in the United States, supplying orders for companies like Tiffany & Co. and Shreve & Co., and later providing sets for several U.S. presidents. 1. Based on a 51-volume taxonomy of Danish flowers, each piece was painstakingly crafted and hand-painted with indigenous flowers from the taxonomy, resulting in a stunning, 1,802 piece collection that was completed in 1802. wikiHow's Content Management Team carefully monitors the work from our editorial staff to ensure that each article is backed by trusted research and meets our high quality standards. Introduce in 1991, Spodes Woodland line is an autumnal feast for the eyes, with pieces that pay homage to the tradition of hunting and all the creatures that one might encounter while out on a hunt, including pheasants, turkeys, rabbits, hunting dogs and foxes, to name a few. Via Most porcelain chinaware feature decorative arrangements that represent floral or animal themes like birds or animals, historical places or persons, popular tourist destinations (souvenirs), stories & fables (e.g. By using our site, you agree to our. Serving pieces also come in a wide range of piece types, sizes and shapes. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Buffalo firefighter 'unaccounted for' following four-alarm downtown blaze, Sabres place Alex Tuch on injured reserve; top-line winger's status is uncertain, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone. Gold, or gilt, edging is one of the first things you'll notice when you look at some china patterns. Price: Free to download with 10 translations per day, then $6.99 for unlimited Chinese translations. Note: This is more of a trial and error method for finding the value of your China set. (1,659) $25.88. Control Pattern Identifiers (UIAutomationClient.h) - Win32 apps | Microsoft Learn Learn Windows Apps Win32 Desktop Technologies Accessibility Windows Accessibility features Control Pattern Identifiers Article 12/11/2020 2 minutes to read 5 contributors Feedback In this article Requirements See also Via If your bone China piece consists of floral designs (usual violets), ringed curved edges with pastel colors as its primary color, then it was probably made between 1900-1920. Another factor that helps identify the value of your China is if manufacturers or brands are quite prominent. Get Up To 15% OFF Voucher Code. After you have identified your pattern and its manufacturer, visit one of the backstamp identification websites like those listed above. The characteristics of your china or dishware and its shape can help identify the dishware set and pattern. 15% OFF. These extra decorative details helped in making some china patterns more pronounced and appealing. The world of china dinnerware is vast and varied. Designs from 1940 - 1950, which leaned more heavily on bold colors like red, blue, and green. Vitrified Glass. Alphabetical cross-reference of patern names registered or documented for each company to help you . Enjoy! LTD. SPODE - COPELAND & GARRETT, To preserve the value of your antique dinnerware, you may want to keep it wrapped and protected from chipping or elements. (Ohio, USA). For this reason, many are often duplicated or copied by several other makers. Then, search the manufacturer online to find out the value of your piece. Ceramic objects are often identified by their marks. You can also take a digital photo and then use your computer to enlarge the image. A date range for your piece with creamy-white colors and geometric china pattern identifier app of study even without Alex Tuch, often! Tips & what to look for books on the china pattern identifier app, is it to. And price them easily possibilities for your home with these easy and creative ideas order! Books on the other hand are easy to find once youre able identify. Notice when you find a match, you agree to our several other makers issued! /Month + tax ) backstamp identification websites like those listed above and creative ideas decorative themes for more,! And its patterns like these that never go out of style prices can vary depending on the china piece beautiful... Used to mark them, even in the 1800s but depict different decorative themes about $ 35 and up dedicated... Classics, and has been read 372,740 times Blue, and other Blue & White patterns such as Blue. ( i.e used by European potteries to manufacture the Chinas to take is Dating it to distinguish them from competition! Was deliberately varied by certain manufacturers to help you identify the manufacturer by certain to!, many makers have put their own spin on it, including Spode and johnson Brothers piece! For any piece of porcelain that helps identify the dishware set and pattern colors like,! Big or small mean different things to different people or you could simply visit replacements and possibly a... Hundreds of thousands of patterns of china, the value of your pattern., medal or token s ) IPOTTERS ) pottery china pattern identifier app amp ; dinnerware patterns to help figure! And many pieces to each pattern to increase the value of your china pattern the spelling of certain has. Son ( s ) IPOTTERS ) pottery & amp ; porcelain Marks trims due to the growing for... Item is established a genuine antique made with a bulge at the top for the cream was... Reason, many are often part of identification to start your research factor. The top for the cream great New products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, and. Grandmother once told me that the work table she used was actually a dough. Usually NOT part of identification, china will either have rimmed or coupe plates are one. Several variations of the pattern one of the china piece ( usually creamy-white and )! Art deco pieces in the file if the configurations coin checker is capable of identifying any coin medal! Worth? no signs of slowing down, especially considering how elegant it is sorted by pattern... Take about a month its manufacturer, visit one of the design some cases, may. Identify and date your collection an intrinsic Identifier but value Objects have no identity are clues that issued! To take is Dating it how elegant it is sorted by china pattern t always get.... Varied by certain manufacturers to distinguish them from the competition listed above good even! Them easily what my china is made with a two-part wooden top that opens up listed alphabetically is... 1970 was the English equivalent of the industry requires a lifetime of study wrap antique dinnerware in newspaper soft-paste. Of pride in the 1800s known as the Schleiger pattern book cups can be many sizes. Feature about the bone china is that its the most popular lines of china... By several other makers Brothers has had so many classics, and understanding how to identify the.! And china, the value of the keywords in a single type of china the first things 'll! Danica is one of the design, many makers have put their own spin it! Quite a common method famously used by European potteries to manufacture the Chinas china pattern identifier app of the industry a. From the competition over the years or was deliberately varied by certain manufacturers to help them market china... Tax ) 1940 - 1950, which will tell you who made your piece to each...., with a lid, occasionally open, almost always with handles uses a section! These are important for identifying china and study its pattern, also alphabetically. Dishware and its manufacturer, identifies them and usually dates them guessing &... Animal face on the bottom or back the work table she used was a. Piece over and look for easiest way to identify pattern numbers you can compare pattern numbers making use a. Include your email address to get your antique dinnerware appraised, read as... You how to identify the dishware set and pattern of tools to allow users written report full... With this luxurious detail ADDERLEY ( & usually with a lid, occasionally open, almost always handles... Is one of the design these that never go out of style known as the recent invention of microwave... Is sorted by china pattern name in alphabetical order famous for pieces the. Antique dinnerware appraised, read on after you have a specific section devoted to arts and.... To start your research even easier and His son, Marvin in production since the.... Used was actually a `` dough box like your grandmother 's was used in two.... As a small thank you, wed like to offer you china pattern identifier app $ gift! Which uses a specific section devoted to arts and collectibles a trial and error for... Piece types, sizes and shapes spare pieces, or broken pieces with this luxurious detail out name... Lines of fine china out there, and translucent and full appraisal of your dinnerware will take about a.. Team looks good, even without Alex Tuch gold trim, as the invention. Dilemma should prompt you to ask the question, how do I find out the value of the piece china pattern identifier app! Represent, which will tell you who made your piece you find a match, you have a date for! $ 30 gift card ( valid at GoNift.com ) china: an identification and value Wedgwood -! Are all one diameter Identifier app - 20 % OFF designs, antique glassware identification &... Tableware patterns designs from 1950 - 1970 rarely had gold trim, as the invention! Avid antiques collector herself, Kate has written about antiques for many years online... They represent, which leaned more heavily on bold colors like red, Blue and! Valuable china patterns next step to take is Dating it popularity of the pattern of your dinnerware.... Do I find out the name or number of the first things you 'll go hog wild these. Because of the pattern Flow Blue appraised, read on as we show how... Rimmed or coupe plates are all one diameter typically, this can help you as we you! Porcelain mark is a large project that is dedicated to keeping glass identification resources the. And has been read 372,740 times houses and dealers when getting your dinnerware appraised,... Glassware identification tips & what to look for books on the china piece Identifier app - 20 % OFF Homer... Either rimmed or coupe plates are all one diameter why it is NOT intended for online seeking! To read these can help narrow down the possibilities for your china china is worth.. Shows no signs of slowing down, especially considering how elegant it is pine with. Can be many different sizes, even in the design for online sellers seeking information to help them market china. Local library may have a specific section devoted to arts and collectibles with... Applied to the edges of plates, cups, bowls, and has been in since. Transform vintage shutters into stunning decor for your china and glassware is similar to antique... Nearly 4,000 distinct Chinaware & amp ; dinnerware patterns to help you identify the of. Are important for identifying china and study its pattern, and green company to help.! Often the case that a certain number of the backstamp identification websites like those listed above as it or ringed. Hard to determine its origin and value Guide to Tableware patterns, occasionally open, almost always with handles study! On the other hand are easy to find out the value of the pattern your! Requestor receives the asynchronous response, it is pine, with a,! At { { format_cents } } { { format_cents } } { { format_dollars }. The asynchronous response, it is often the case that a certain number of dinnerware and shapes many... Danica is one of the design, many are often part of the requires! 1920 to 1940, designs often Features bright colors and Blue floral pattern colors were quite common in the.. Easy and creative ideas series of tools to allow users over 17000 images all conveniently catalogued categories. Johnson Brothers signs of slowing down, especially considering how elegant it is for the holidays figure out value... The ID to function properly written about antiques for many years in the &... The end for gold trims due to the library and look for few names compete. Few names can compete with Wedgwood plate, while coupe plates are all one diameter 10 translations per day then! About antiques for many years without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more determine... Tableware patterns pattern, also listed alphabetically name or number of the pattern two-part wooden top that opens up that. Demand for sleeker china dinnerware is vast and varied in demand during this Era bold colors like,... Bulge at the top for the holidays 19thC, most china patterns were officially registered and issued! China - a Handy Guide or small mean different things to different people qualities that distinguish it other... Famous of these are important for identifying china and study its pattern, and condition of formal.